mặc dù

(khi diễn tả một ý đối lập với ý của clause khác trong cùng sentence) [despite the fact that]
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  • mặc dù
    • (cảm xúc bình thường): though, although1

part of speech: though & although là các liên từ (loại subordinating conjunction)

  • mặc dù
    • (có ý nhấn mạnh): even though2

part of speech: even thoughsubordinating conjunction

  • in inspite of3, despite4

part of speech: despitein spite of đều là giới từ (preposition)

  • mặc dù, bất kể: notwithstanding that, in spite of the fact that

part of speech: notwithstanding là giới từ có gốc hiện tại phân từ (-ing form)

  • (adv) mặc dù

albeit
even though
although
conceding the fact that…

Example:

  1. THE RESTAURANT SERVES GOOD, THOUGH VERY EXPENSIVE, FOOD
  2. Even though he lost his job as Arts Minister, he continued to serve in the government.
  3. wiser though poorer
  4. WE HARDLY EVER SEE THEM DESPITE WE LIVE IN THE SAME CITY
  5. I ENJOYED THE FILM IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT THE STORY WAS SILLY
  6. HE STILL SMOKES, IN SPITE OF ALL THE HEALTH WARNINGS.
  7. I went to school notwithstanding the heavy rain
  8. Notwithstanding their inexperience, they were an immediate success
  9. The full services of the National Health Service are available to him, notwithstanding he is in custody
  10. The corn of Poland, in the same degree of goodness, is as cheap as that of France, notwithstanding the superior opulence and improvement of the latter country (1776 — Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, Book I, ch. 1)
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