- [in vacuo] = in vacuum = in isolation and without reference to anything else
Example:
- The latest benchmarks show that this simulation technique is 50% slower than the one in vacuo simulation.
- [in vitro]
cultured in laboratory condition
- [in vivo]
in living organism
- [in silico]
performed on computer or computer simulation
- [in situ]
in the place, in the original position
- [ex situ]
Ex-situ conservation means literally, "off-site conservation".
Ex situ experiments are those performed under the absence of potential control.
- [de facto]
"concerning the fact" or in practice but not necessarily ordained by law
The term de facto may also be used when there is no relevant law or standard, but a common practice is well established, although not universal.
Example:
- The proposed algorithm by Alen has been the de facto routing algorithm in network. [A de facto standard is a standard (formal or informal) that has achieved a dominant position, by tradition, enforcement, or market dominance. It has not necessarily received formal approval by way of a standardization process, and may not be an official standard document.]
- [de jure]
by law
- [per se]
used to refer to something that is being considered alone, not with other things.
Example:
- The contribution of him per se would not make any progress for the project
- [ab initio]
[in lit.] from the beginning (of the story)
- [de novo] = [ab initio]
from the beginning
- [ in toto ]
in a whole, as a whole